by Rich Wandschneider | Feb 3, 2023 | Cayuse, Chief Joseph, Meacham, Nez Perce
That’s the year of the first white settlers—and the year that tiwi ‘ teqis (Chief Old Joseph) passed away. A few years before that, tiwi’teqis had seen the surveyors’ monuments on the Oregon-Washington line, and had put up his own monuments to show white settlers a...
